November is recognized as National Alzheimer’s Disease Awareness Month. This marks a time to remember those living with a family member who has memory loss, along with the caregivers who provide care to them each day. Memory changes can be confusing and frightening, mainly when they affect a loved one. Sometimes, it can be difficult to distinguish between memory lapses caused by normal aging and those caused by another condition. This article will explore the fundamentals of memory change and guide on caring for individuals with dementia.
***Disclaimer: This article provides general information and does not substitute for or replace medical advice from a medical or mental health professional.***
Normal aging
While many types of dementia involve changes in memory, it is also essential to recognize the normal changes that occur in memory with aging. For example, with normal aging, slower speed processing and difficulty with word finding can occur without meeting criteria for a dementia-related diagnosis. Forgetting a word here and there or misplacing glasses can be a normal occurrence. The difference here is that function and intact memory of recent/important events are often preserved with normal aging. In other words, with normal aging, people can still maintain daily tasks and are aware of their forgetfulness.
Delirium
Delirium is often confused with dementia as well. However, delirium is an acute onset change in mental status with rapid progression and usually has an underlying acute cause. For example, in many older adults who contract a UTI, they can progress to have symptoms of delirium. Folks with delirium are often disoriented and have fluctuating symptoms throughout the day.
Depression
Depression in older adults can present with memory changes, including difficulty recalling information. Symptoms related to memory decline due to depression are often gradual and accompanied by mood disturbance. Folks with depression are usually not disoriented and do not have fluctuating symptoms throughout the day.
Dementia
Dementia typically has a gradual onset and progression. People with dementia can experience disorientation and have fluctuating symptoms throughout the day. Daily tasks can become hard over time. Alzheimer’s is the most common type of dementia. Other types of neurocognitive disorders can include frontotemporal, HIV-related, Huntington’s, Lewy Body, Parkinson’s, Prion-related, Substance or Medication Induced, TBI/Vascular, Due to Other Medical Condition, Multiple Etiologies, and Unspecified. Some dementia risk factors include age, genetics or family history, sensory deficits, sedentary lifestyles, HIV, head trauma, and other medical conditions like cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and hypertension. Protective factors can include maintaining a healthy diet, exercising regularly, practicing proactive vision and hearing care, and controlling blood pressure.
Caring for Someone with Dementia
When caring for a client with dementia, it is essential to establish a strong alliance with them. Remember, caring for someone with dementia is a journey in itself. What works today may not work tomorrow. Here are ideas:
- Set realistic expectations
- Focus on connection, not perfection
- Keep routines
- Maintain familiar surroundings
- Use reminders like calendars, clocks, and to-do lists
- Schedule bathroom breaks
- Encourage activity—dancing, walking, music, and art
- Limit noise and clutter to avoid overstimulation
- Offer choices
Safety Tips
Memory changes can change the way we approach safety. It is essential to plan. Here are some considerations regarding safety and changes to memory:
- Driving: A lack of insight can lead to poor safety awareness (e.g., believing driving skills have not changed despite a dementia diagnosis). It is essential to discuss when it may be time to stop and plan for alternative transportation options
- Medication: supervision can help prevent medication errors (e.g., pill boxes and pill reminder technology)
- Food preparation: meal delivery services and cooking supervision can help ensure nutrition and safety
- Financial management: plan with a trusted legal support and family member
- Firearms: keep out of reach and minimize access by locking them away
- Wandering: safety locks and door alarms help prevent your loved one from wandering
- Falls: remove hazards like loose rugs to minimize injuries related to falls
- Emergency information: post emergency numbers in clear view (e.g., on the refrigerator)
- Elder abuse: watch for neglect or abuse (e.g., bed sores or malnutrition) and report it when you are concerned
Caring for the Caregiver
Caregiving requires heart, patience, and strength. Caregiving is so meaningful and rewarding. Caregivers, it is essential to take care of yourselves as well. We recognize that stress and burnout are genuine concerns. Unfortunately, it can also lead to unfavorable outcomes for clients. Utilize caregiver resources, such as support groups, respite programs, and self-care initiatives. Be sure to take breaks and ask for help when you need it to maintain your own health and continue caring for others with compassion.
We’re Here to Help
Every family and every individual with dementia is different. The journey to obtain the care needed to empower those with dementia does not have to feel isolated. Here at Oasis In-Home Care, we support older adults and their families by providing compassionate care and assistance. If you would like to discuss support options or receive guidance on our resources, please get in touch with the office. We want to make your home a safe and comforting place: an Oasis.
